19 Documentaries That Showcase the Best of Documentary Filmmaking
Essential Viewing for Film Enthusiasts
The art of documentary filmmaking offers a unique window into the real world, presenting compelling stories and uncovering truths. These works span a broad spectrum, from historical events and political issues to personal stories and cultural explorations. Documentaries have the power to educate, inspire, and provoke thought, making them a vital part of the cinematic landscape.
In this article, the audience will be guided through a curated list of 19 documentaries that exemplify the best in the genre. Each documentary has been carefully selected to showcase exceptional storytelling, filmmaking techniques, and impactful subject matter.
1) Won't You Be My Neighbor? (2018)
Fred Rogers, an unassuming minister, puppeteer, writer, and producer, created a legacy with his television show, "Mister Rogers' Neighborhood." "Won't You Be My Neighbor?" is a documentary film that explores his life and guiding philosophy.
Directed by Morgan Neville, this film delves into how Rogers used television as a tool to teach kindness and respect to children. The documentary captures the essence of his mission and the profound impact he had on millions.
The film premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival and quickly became one of the top-grossing documentaries of all time. It showcases Rogers' ability to communicate difficult topics to children in a gentle and understanding manner.
What sets this documentary apart is its in-depth look at Rogers' personal and professional life, illustrating his unwavering commitment to nurturing the emotional well-being of children. Through interviews, archival footage, and personal anecdotes, viewers gain insight into why Rogers remains an iconic figure in children’s television.
"Won't You Be My Neighbor?" is celebrated for its heartfelt portrayal of a man who dedicated his life to making the world a more compassionate place, one television episode at a time.
2) 13th (2016)
Ava DuVernay's "13th" is a powerful exploration of race, justice, and mass incarceration in the United States.
The title refers to the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery except as punishment for a crime. This loophole has had profound impacts on African Americans for over a century.
The documentary features interviews with activists, politicians, and historians. It weaves historical footage and current events to portray how the criminal justice system disproportionately targets black Americans.
Through its sharp analysis, "13th" reveals the links between slavery, racial segregation, and mass incarceration. DuVernay's direction is both engaging and informative, providing viewers with a comprehensive overview of this critical issue.
For more information on "13th," visit its Wikipedia page.
3) Free Solo (2018)
Free Solo (2018) is an awe-inspiring documentary directed by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi and Jimmy Chin. It captures the incredible journey of rock climber Alex Honnold as he attempts the first-ever free solo climb of El Capitan, a 3,000-foot granite monolith in Yosemite National Park.
The film provides a gripping look at the physical and mental preparation Honnold undergoes for this dangerous endeavor. Free solo climbing means he climbs without ropes or harnesses, relying solely on his skill and determination.
Throughout the documentary, viewers witness the sheer intensity and focus required for such a feat. The cinematography enhances this experience, offering breathtaking views of the climb and the surrounding landscape. The risks involved are palpable, making it an edge-of-your-seat viewing experience.
Free Solo not only showcases Honnold's climbing prowess but also delves into his personal life, exploring his motivations and relationships. This adds a rich, human element to the story. The film received critical acclaim and won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
For more information on Free Solo, visit the Wikipedia page.
4) The Act of Killing (2012)
"The Act of Killing" is a groundbreaking documentary directed by Joshua Oppenheimer, with contributions from Christine Cynn and an anonymous Indonesian co-director.
It explores the mindset of former Indonesian death squad leaders responsible for mass killings in 1965-66. The film's uniqueness lies in its approach. The perpetrators themselves reenact their crimes in various cinematic genres like noir and musicals.
These reenactments reveal the killers' perspectives and the lasting impact of their actions on Indonesian society. Anwar Congo, a central figure in the film, transitioned from a small-time gangster to a notorious executioner during the period of political turmoil.
"The Act of Killing" has been widely acclaimed for its bold storytelling and psychological depth. It forces viewers to confront uncomfortable truths about impunity and collective memory. The film received numerous accolades, including being shortlisted for an Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2014.
Its innovative technique of allowing the subjects to direct their dramatizations provides a haunting insight into their psyche. This documentary stands as a significant work in both film and human rights discourse.
For more information, visit the Wikipedia page on The Act of Killing.
5) Blackfish (2013)
"Blackfish," directed by Gabriela Cowperthwaite, is a 2013 American documentary that explores the life of Tilikum, an orca held in captivity by SeaWorld. The film delves into the controversy surrounding captive orcas and raises significant questions about animal welfare.
The documentary premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2013. It quickly garnered attention for its compelling narrative and eye-opening revelations. Audiences and critics alike praised the film.
"Blackfish" was instrumental in sparking widespread debate regarding the ethics of keeping orcas in captivity. It also contributed to a shift in public perception and led to policy changes regarding marine life treatment.
Rotten Tomatoes, a popular review aggregation site, gave "Blackfish" a high approval rating, underscoring its strong reception. Critics appreciated the documentary for its impactful storytelling and its role in advocating for animal rights.
The film's influence extended beyond just public discourse, inspiring legislative changes and impacting SeaWorld's business practices. It demonstrated the power of documentary filmmaking in driving social change and influencing real-world outcomes.
6) Jiro Dreams of Sushi (2011)
This 2011 documentary follows Jiro Ono, an 85-year-old sushi master who owns Sukiyabashi Jiro.
The film offers an in-depth look at Ono's relentless pursuit of culinary perfection. His 10-seat, sushi-only restaurant is located in a Tokyo subway station and has previously been awarded three Michelin stars.
The documentary highlights Ono's meticulous approach to sushi-making, which has influenced chefs worldwide. Through his dedication, the film explores broader themes of discipline, craftsmanship, and tradition in Japanese culture.
Directed by David Gelb, "Jiro Dreams of Sushi" combines beautifully shot sequences with thoughtful insights into what drives one of the world's greatest chefs.
For more information, visit Wikipedia.
7) Amanda Knox (2016)
The documentary "Amanda Knox" explores the intricate and controversial case of Amanda Knox, an American student accused of murdering her roommate, Meredith Kercher, in Italy. Directed by Rod Blackhurst and Brian McGinn, the film provides a deep dive into the investigation, trial, and media frenzy that surrounded the case.
Through in-depth interviews, the documentary allows key figures to voice their perspectives. This includes Amanda Knox herself, prosecutor Giuliano Mignini, and tabloid journalist Nick Pisa. Their insights help to piece together the complex narrative and highlight the clash between different justice systems and cultural backgrounds.
Critically acclaimed, the documentary shines a light on the impact of media sensationalism and the miscarriage of justice. The careful examination of evidence and interviews gives viewers a chance to reflect on the broader implications of the case.
"Amanda Knox" serves as a gripping examination of truth, perception, and the human cost of public judgment. To learn more about the documentary, visit IMDb.
8) Man on Wire (2008)
"Man on Wire" is a documentary film directed by James Marsh. It chronicles Philippe Petit's daring high-wire walk between the Twin Towers of New York's World Trade Center in 1974.
The film is based on Petit's book "To Reach the Clouds" and explores the meticulous planning and sheer audacity required for the feat.
Philippe Petit's walk is depicted with suspense and artistry, making it a gripping viewing experience. Archival footage and reenactments provide context and depth to this unique endeavor.
"Man on Wire" won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2008, highlighting its critical acclaim and recognition.
For more information, visit Wikipedia.
9) Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010)
Exit Through the Gift Shop is a compelling documentary directed by the enigmatic street artist Banksy. Released in 2010, the film centers on Thierry Guetta, a French immigrant in Los Angeles who obsessively films street artists, including Shepard Fairey and Banksy himself.
Thierry's footage, initially aimless, takes a fascinating turn when Banksy decides to use it to create this documentary. The film showcases the subversive side of the street art world, providing a unique perspective through the lens of both the filmmaker and the artist.
It raises questions about the nature of art and the authenticity of the art world. The film blurs the lines between art and commercialization, leaving viewers questioning the very essence of artistic expression.
Exit Through the Gift Shop has garnered significant attention, both for its content and its exploration of the creators involved. It has been praised for its originality and depth, offering a rare glimpse into the underground street art community.
This documentary was even nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, further establishing its significance in the world of filmmaking.
More information can be found on Wikipedia and IMDb.
10) The Cove (2009)
The Cove is a powerful documentary directed by Louie Psihoyos. It chronicles an undercover mission to expose the brutal dolphin hunting practices in Taiji, Japan. The film uses state-of-the-art technology, including hidden cameras and microphones, to capture shocking footage that was previously hidden from the world.
The film not only exposes environmental atrocities but also showcases the dedication of activists, filmmakers, and freedivers. Their goal was to bring global attention to the cruel killing and capture of dolphins. This mission was both dangerous and emotionally taxing for the team involved.
The Cove received widespread acclaim and won several prestigious awards. It earned the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2010 and the Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival in 2009.
The documentary stands out for its compelling narrative and visceral impact, making it an essential watch for anyone interested in environmental activism and social justice.
For more information, visit The Cove on IMDb.
11) The Last Dance (2020)
"The Last Dance" is a ten-part documentary series that aired in 2020. Directed by Jason Hehir, the series focuses on the career of Michael Jordan, particularly his final season with the Chicago Bulls during the 1997-1998 NBA season.
The series captures exclusive footage from a film crew that had unprecedented access to the Bulls, offering a detailed glimpse into their dynamics and Michael Jordan's influence on the sport.
Featuring interviews with teammates, coaches, and journalists, the series weaves together the personal and professional struggles of Jordan and the team.
It is widely regarded for its in-depth storytelling and comprehensive coverage of one of basketball's greatest eras.
For more information, visit IMDb.
12) Making a Murderer (2015)
"Making a Murderer" is a 10-part docu-series released on Netflix. It delves into the legal troubles of Steven Avery, a Wisconsin native, who was wrongly accused of sexual assault in 1985. After spending 18 years in prison, he was exonerated by DNA evidence.
The series also explores his subsequent conviction for the murder of Teresa Halbach in 2007. Avery and his family's claims of police framing form a central theme. This series provides a detailed look at the American justice system.
Viewers get an in-depth examination of the evidence, testimonies, and the judicial process. The documentary raises questions about legal ethics and the possibility of police misconduct.
The storytelling is tied together with interviews, real courtroom footage, and archival material. The series has garnered significant public and critical attention, spurring debates around the case and the justice system in general.
Learn more about Making a Murderer on Wikipedia.
13) Three Identical Strangers (2018)
"Three Identical Strangers" is a documentary directed by Tim Wardle that tells the astonishing story of three men who discovered they were identical triplets separated at birth. The reunion of Edward Galland, David Kellman, and Robert Shafran in New York in 1980 captivates viewers with its emotional depth and unexpected twists.
The film explores themes such as nature vs. nurture, the ethics of adoption practices, and the impact of genetic heritage on personal identity. Through a mix of archival footage, re-enacted scenes, and present-day interviews, the documentary provides a comprehensive overview of the brothers' lives and their unique bond.
Their story begins with a simple case of mistaken identity at a college, which soon unravels into a tale involving a secret scientific study. The brothers’ investigation into their past reveals startling truths and raises questions about the moral responsibilities of researchers involved in human experiments.
Tim Wardle's film does not shy away from the emotional turmoil faced by the triplets and their families. It remains a powerful testament to the complexities of human relationships and the unforeseen consequences of scientific endeavors.
For more information on "Three Identical Strangers," visit Wikipedia.
14) American Factory (2019)
American Factory offers a compelling look at the intersection of American and Chinese work cultures. Directed by Steven Bognar and Julia Reichert, this 2019 documentary focuses on a Chinese-owned factory in Moraine, Ohio, set up in a former General Motors plant.
The film highlights the contrasts and conflicts that arise when the Chinese company Fuyao opens the factory in a struggling American town. Employees face cultural differences and differing work ethics, leading to a vivid portrayal of globalization's effects on local labor markets.
Critics have praised the filmmakers' unobtrusive approach, capturing the narrative without interference. The film opened at the Sundance Film Festival in 2019 and is distributed by Netflix.
American Factory earned critical acclaim and numerous awards, including an Oscar for Best Documentary Feature at the 92nd Academy Awards. It provides insights into the evolving nature of work in a globalized economy.
For more information on American Factory, visit the Wikipedia page.
15) The Fog of War (2003)
The Fog of War provides an in-depth look into the life of former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara. Directed by Errol Morris, the documentary captures McNamara’s reflections on his role in some of America’s most significant military decisions.
The film is structured around "Eleven Lessons" from McNamara's experiences, offering viewers a unique perspective on modern warfare.
Scored by Philip Glass, the music complements the film's intense and reflective tone.
For those interested in the complexities of military strategy and history, The Fog of War is an essential watch.
16) The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters (2007)
"The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters" is a captivating documentary directed by Seth Gordon. It chronicles the intense world of competitive arcade gaming, focusing on the rivalry between Steve Wiebe and Billy Mitchell.
Wiebe, a humble teacher from Washington, seeks to break the high score record for the 1981 arcade game Donkey Kong. This score, held by the confident and eccentric Billy Mitchell, has long been considered unbeatable.
The film showcases Wiebe's determination as he dedicates countless hours to mastering the game. His journey isn't just about high scores but also about personal redemption and proving his worth against significant odds.
The rivalry is monitored by a community of dedicated gamers and enthusiasts, who follow every attempt and record-breaking moment. The tension between the two main characters adds a layer of drama that's both engaging and relatable.
"The King of Kong" also explores the culture surrounding classic arcade games, offering viewers a glimpse into a passionate subculture that's often overlooked. This documentary illuminates the human stories behind the pixels and high scores, making it a must-watch for both gamers and non-gamers alike.
For more information on "The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters," visit IMDb.
17) Citizenfour (2014)
Citizenfour is a compelling documentary directed by Laura Poitras. Released in 2014, it captures the tense and pivotal moments surrounding whistleblower Edward Snowden's exposure of the NSA's extensive surveillance practices.
The film provides an intimate glimpse into Snowden's life as he interacts with journalists and provides evidence of government overreach. This sensitive handling enhances the viewer's understanding of the moral and legal dilemmas involved.
Citizenfour received significant critical acclaim, winning the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film's real-time unfolding makes it a gripping watch, emphasizing the importance of transparency and accountability.
18) The Last Waltz (1978)
Directed by Martin Scorsese, "The Last Waltz" stands out as a seminal concert documentary. It captures the farewell performance of The Band on Thanksgiving Day in 1976 at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco.
The film features a lineup of legendary musicians such as Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton, and Neil Young. Each artist brings a unique touch, making this more than just a concert film—it's a historical document of rock music.
"The Last Waltz" is celebrated for its remarkable cinematography and editing. Scorsese’s innovative use of multiple cameras ensures that every critical moment is preserved with a sense of intimacy rarely seen in concert films.
The documentary not only highlights The Band's final performance but also provides insight into their journey. Interviews interspersed with live footage create a rich narrative that offers depth and context.
For those interested in rock history or documentary filmmaking, "The Last Waltz" is an essential watch. It exemplifies how a concert film can transcend the genre to become a cultural milestone.
More about The Last Waltz on Wikipedia
19) Dear Zachary: A Letter to a Son About His Father (2008)
"Dear Zachary: A Letter to a Son About His Father" is a gripping American documentary film from 2008, directed, produced, and edited by Kurt Kuenne. It is a deeply personal project for Kuenne, who created the film to memorialize his murdered friend, Andrew Bagby.
The film takes viewers through the tragic events leading up to and following Andrew's murder, committed by his ex-girlfriend Shirley Jane Turner. It combines heartfelt interviews with Andrew’s family and friends, showcasing their cherished memories and the devastating impact of his loss.
Kuenne initially intended the documentary as a private project for Andrew’s son, Zachary, to get to know the father he would never meet. This intention lends the film an intimate and poignant atmosphere, emphasizing the raw emotions and painful realities faced by those left behind.
Beyond its personal scope, the documentary critically explores systemic issues within the justice system, as Turner remained out on bail despite being a prime suspect in Andrew’s murder. "Dear Zachary" is not only a tribute to a lost friend but also a poignant critique of institutional failures.
Viewers are left with an emotional, powerful narrative that highlights the enduring love of family and friends amidst unimaginable loss. The documentary's impact is long-lasting, receiving praise for its storytelling and emotional depth.
The Evolution of Documentary Filmmaking
Documentary filmmaking has transformed significantly since its inception, influenced by technological advancements and pioneering filmmakers who pushed the boundaries of the medium.
Early Origins and Milestones
Documentary filmmaking began in the late 19th century with the Lumière brothers. They used the Cinématographe to create short, silent films that captured everyday life. Their work laid the groundwork for the genre.
In the 1920s, Robert Flaherty introduced narrative elements with "Nanook of the North," which dramatized the lives of the Inuit people. This approach set a precedent for future documentaries.
By the mid-20th century, documentaries started addressing social issues, with films like Night and Fog highlighting the horrors of the Holocaust. These milestones showed the potential of documentaries to influence and educate.
Technological Advancements and Their Impact
Advancements in technology have continuously shaped documentary filmmaking. The advent of portable cameras and sound equipment in the 1960s allowed filmmakers to capture more spontaneous, real-life moments.
The development of digital technology in the late 20th century further revolutionized the field. Lightweight digital cameras and non-linear editing software like Avid and Final Cut Pro opened up new possibilities for filmmakers. This made producing high-quality documentaries more accessible.
Streaming platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime Video have also played a crucial role. They provide a global audience for documentaries, encouraging diverse storytelling and making the genre more popular than ever.
Key Elements of Award-Winning Documentaries
Award-winning documentaries often excel in their narrative techniques, cinematic quality, and visual richness. Influential filmmakers have also significantly contributed to shaping the standards for these exceptional works.
Narrative Techniques
Effective documentaries utilize various narrative techniques to engage the audience. Some documentaries use interviews with subjects or experts to provide different perspectives and insights. Others may employ archival footage to authenticate the historical context.
Reenactments and observational filming can add depth, making the storytelling more immersive. Voice-over narrations help guide the audience through the narrative, providing context and connecting disparate elements into a cohesive story. Each technique should serve the key purpose of enhancing the viewer's understanding and engagement.
Cinematic Quality and Visuals
High-quality cinematography is a hallmark of standout documentaries. Award-winning films often feature captivating visuals that draw in the audience. Techniques such as framing, lighting, and camera movement are used meticulously to create visually appealing scenes.
Documentaries like "The True Glory" and "Searching For Skylab: America's Forgotten Triumph" showcase how compelling cinematography can elevate the storytelling. The use of drones, time-lapses, and high-definition cameras has brought a new dimension to documentary filmmaking, enabling directors to capture stunning, real-life visuals that resonate with audiences.
Influential Filmmakers and Their Contributions
Several filmmakers have redefined the documentary genre through their innovative approaches and compelling subjects. Directors like Errol Morris and Ken Burns have set benchmarks with their distinct styles.
Errol Morris, known for his use of the "Interrotron" for direct interview eye contact, has influenced the way personal narratives are captured. Ken Burns' use of archival images combined with slow pans and zooms, known as the "Ken Burns Effect," has brought historical documentaries to life. Their contributions have significantly impacted both the craft and the appreciation of documentary filmmaking.
