12 Documentaries That Explore the World of Documentary Film Criticism
A Deep Dive into Review Culture
The realm of documentary film criticism offers a fascinating lens through which to understand not only the films themselves but also the cultural and societal issues they tackle. Documentaries hold the unique power to inform, persuade, and inspire audiences by presenting real-life stories with a critical perspective that often challenges the status quo.
By exploring documentaries that analyze other documentaries, one gains a deeper appreciation for the art and impact of documentary filmmaking. These meta-analyses provide insights into how filmmakers choose their subjects, the narrative techniques they use, and the broader implications their films have on both viewers and society.
1) 'Life Itself' by Steve James (2014)
"Life Itself" is a biographical documentary directed by Steve James. It delves into the life and career of famed film critic Roger Ebert. Ebert's influence on the world of film criticism was immense, and this documentary captures his journey with nuanced detail.
The film is based on Ebert's 2011 memoir. It highlights his Chicago roots and his rise to prominence as a critic. James's direction provides a candid portrayal of Ebert's personal and professional life.
The documentary premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival. It was also an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival, solidifying its impact in the documentary genre.
Viewers are taken through Ebert's final months, adding an emotional depth. Featuring appearances by notable filmmakers like Martin Scorsese and Werner Herzog, the film offers rich insights into Ebert’s legacy.
For more information, visit the Wikipedia page.
2) 'Room 237' by Rodney Ascher (2012)
'Room 237' is a documentary directed by Rodney Ascher that delves into various interpretations of Stanley Kubrick's film, 'The Shining'.
The documentary compiles theories from Kubrick enthusiasts, exploring their ideas about hidden meanings and symbolic elements.
Ascher stitches together footage from 'The Shining' along with other Kubrick films, creating a tapestry of analysis.
The film features interviews with five individuals, offering a range of perspectives.
These interviews are interwoven with clips that illustrate their theories, making the interpretations engaging and accessible.
For more information, check out 'Room 237' on IMDb.
3) 'The Act of Killing' by Joshua Oppenheimer (2012)
Joshua Oppenheimer's "The Act of Killing" (2012) is an experimental documentary that shifts traditional boundaries. The film invites former Indonesian death squad leaders to reenact their mass killings in various cinematic genres.
Characters like Anwar Congo use Hollywood crime scenarios and musical numbers to restage their past crimes. This approach exposes the brutal nature of the Indonesian mass killings of 1965-66.
Oppenheimer co-directed the film with Christine Cynn and an anonymous Indonesian collaborator. The documentary not only captures the killers' stories but also their disturbing pride, making it a powerful study in moral decay.
The film received international acclaim for its innovative storytelling and harrowing subject matter. It challenges audiences to confront uncomfortable historical truths.
For more information, visit Wikipedia.
4) 'Casting By' by Tom Donahue (2012)
"Casting By" sheds light on the crucial role of casting directors, often unsung heroes in the filmmaking process.
Directed by Tom Donahue, this 2012 documentary dives into the career of legendary casting director Marion Dougherty.
Through interviews and archival footage, the film highlights her contributions and revolutionary approach to casting.
Dougherty's instinct and vision were instrumental in transforming the casting field and shaping Hollywood's modern era.
Her work on numerous iconic films and TV shows paved the way for future casting directors.
The documentary also features insights from industry professionals, reflecting on Dougherty's impact and legacy.
For more information, visit IMDB or Wikipedia.
5) 'Side by Side' by Christopher Kenneally (2012)
Christopher Kenneally's documentary "Side by Side" provides an in-depth look at the transition from traditional photochemical film to digital technology in the film industry. Produced by Justin Szlasa and Keanu Reeves, the film examines the impact of this shift on filmmakers and their creative processes.
Through interviews with industry experts, including directors and cinematographers, "Side by Side" explores the advantages and limitations of both methods. Notable industry figures share their insights and experiences, highlighting the ongoing debate between the two approaches.
The documentary features conversations with prominent directors like James Cameron, David Fincher, and Martin Scorsese. These discussions shed light on how digital technology has revolutionized filmmaking, allowing for greater flexibility and experimentation.
"Side by Side" delves into various aspects of film production, such as workflow, equipment, and the artistic implications. It offers a comprehensive view of how digital and photochemical methods coexist in contemporary cinema, providing a balanced perspective on the evolution of filmmaking technology.
For more information on "Side by Side," visit its IMDb page.
6) 'Cameraperson' by Kirsten Johnson (2016)
Kirsten Johnson's "Cameraperson" offers a unique glimpse into her life and work as a documentary cinematographer. The film presents a series of fragmented yet powerful scenes captured over her twenty-five-year career.
Many scenes in "Cameraperson" showcase diverse subjects, including a boxing match in Brooklyn, life in postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the routine of a Nigerian midwife. Each episode reveals Johnson's deeply human approach to storytelling.
The film also includes intimate moments from Johnson's own life, such as scenes with her mother as she succumbed to Alzheimer's disease. This personal touch adds an emotional depth rarely seen in typical documentaries.
Johnson's technique of including footage that would usually remain unseen—such as unpolished rushes and accidental shots—challenges traditional documentary formats. This approach allows viewers to engage with the raw, unedited moments behind the camera.
"Cameraperson" is not just a single narrative but a tapestry of experiences, exploring the impact of documentary filmmaking on both the subject and the filmmaker. It's a testament to the power of visual storytelling and the ethical complexities within it.
More about "Cameraperson" can be found here.
7) 'Five Came Back' by Laurent Bouzereau (2017)
"Five Came Back," directed by Laurent Bouzereau, is an American documentary adapted from Mark Harris's book, "Five Came Back: A Story of Hollywood and the Second World War." The series premiered on Netflix in 2017.
This three-part documentary examines the contributions of five legendary Hollywood directors during World War II. These directors—John Ford, William Wyler, John Huston, Frank Capra, and George Stevens—used their talents to create propaganda films and documentaries that influenced public opinion and buoyed wartime morale.
Notably, five contemporary directors—Francis Ford Coppola, Guillermo del Toro, Paul Greengrass, Lawrence Kasdan, and Steven Spielberg—offer insights and commentary on the wartime work of these filmmakers. Their perspectives connect past filmmaking efforts with modern techniques and sensibilities.
The series has been praised for its comprehensive research, archival footage, and compelling storytelling, shedding light on a unique intersection of Hollywood and history. The blend of poignant narrative and historical significance makes it a must-watch for those interested in the impact of film on society and wartime history.
For more detailed information, you can visit the Wikipedia page of the documentary.
8) '20 Feet from Stardom' by Morgan Neville (2013)
Morgan Neville's '20 Feet from Stardom' sheds light on the often overlooked world of backup singers. These singers lend their voices to some of the most iconic songs, yet remain out of the spotlight.
The documentary uses archival footage and fresh interviews to explore the lives and careers of these artists. The film features notable backup singers such as Darlene Love and Merry Clayton.
Viewers get to see the challenges and triumphs these singers face. Despite their crucial contributions to music, many remain unrecognized by the general public.
'20 Feet from Stardom' won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Film, proving its impact and excellence. The film offers a rare glimpse into the talent and dedication required to harmonize behind the scenes.
For more information, visit the Wikipedia or IMDb page.
9) 'The Fog of War' by Errol Morris (2003)
"The Fog of War" is a documentary directed by Errol Morris that examines the complex life and career of Robert S. McNamara, the former U.S. Secretary of Defense.
The film delves into the decision-making processes behind major military actions during the 20th century, as recounted by McNamara himself.
McNamara provides insights into his experiences during World War II, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War.
The documentary features an original score by Philip Glass, adding a compelling auditory layer to McNamara's candid narration.
"The Fog of War" won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Its thoughtful exploration of moral and ethical dilemmas in warfare offers viewers a deep understanding of the responsibilities and burdens of American defense leadership.
For more information on the film, visit its IMDb page.
10) 'Man with a Movie Camera' by Dziga Vertov (1929)
"Man with a Movie Camera" stands as a seminal work in the history of documentary filmmaking. Directed by Dziga Vertov and released in 1929, this Soviet silent documentary captures a day in the life of a bustling Soviet city.
The film is renowned for its innovative cinematic techniques. Vertov and his brother, Mikhail Kaufman, who served as the cinematographer, employed a variety of dynamic camera shots and editing styles. These techniques include close-ups, long shots, and extreme long shots, creating a rich visual tapestry.
Besides its technical achievements, "Man with a Movie Camera" is also notable for its experimental approach. The film lacks a conventional narrative and instead uses montage to convey its message, emphasizing the rhythm and mechanics of urban life.
Vertov's vision challenges traditional forms of storytelling and cinematic presentation. He believed in capturing "life unawares," an approach that set the foundation for future documentary filmmaking techniques. This film remains a testament to the potential of cinema as an art form beyond narrative constraints.
For more information about "Man With A Movie Camera," visit the Wikipedia page.
11) 'Exit Through the Gift Shop' by Banksy (2010)
'Exit Through the Gift Shop' is a British documentary directed by the enigmatic street artist Banksy. It was released in 2010 and explores the world of street art through the lens of Thierry Guetta, a French immigrant in Los Angeles.
Thierry Guetta obsessively recorded video footage of street artists, including his cousin Invader and prominent figures like Shepard Fairey and Banksy himself.
The documentary takes an unexpected turn when Banksy repurposes Guetta's footage to narrate the journey of the latter's transformation into Mr. Brainwash, an emerging and controversial artist in the street art scene.
The film offers an intriguing look at the dynamics of creativity, fame, and authenticity within the art world. It raises questions about what constitutes genuine art and who gets to decide its value.
'Exit Through the Gift Shop' stands out not only for its subject matter but also for the mysterious aura surrounding its creator, Banksy. It blends humor, drama, and a bit of chaos, effectively capturing the volatile essence of street art culture.
More information can be found on Wikipedia.
12) 'The Thin Blue Line' by Errol Morris (1988)
Errol Morris's documentary, "The Thin Blue Line," examines the wrongful conviction of Randall Dale Adams for the 1976 murder of a Dallas policeman. The film uses dramatic reenactments and a haunting score by Philip Glass to create a compelling narrative. Morris's investigative approach highlights significant flaws in the judicial system.
"The Thin Blue Line" became a controversial yet revolutionary film. It blended fiction and reality, prompting debates about the role of reenactments in documentaries. Despite criticism, the film's impact on the true crime genre and documentary filmmaking is undeniable.
In 2001, "The Thin Blue Line" was added to the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Its influence resonates within the documentary community and beyond.
More information is available on Wikipedia.
Understanding Documentary Film Criticism
Documentary film criticism provides a framework for analyzing and appreciating nonfiction films through different lenses, looking at both historical influences and critical elements central to the genre.
Historical Context and Evolution
Documentary film criticism has evolved significantly since its inception. Early documentaries were mainly used for educational purposes, often funded by governments and institutions. Over time, as technology advanced, documentaries began to cover more diverse topics, exploring social issues, political movements, and personal stories.
Key milestones in the evolution of documentary criticism include the rise of cinéma vérité in the 1960s, which emphasized naturalistic and observational techniques. This period also saw the emergence of influential critics who shaped the discourse around documentary films.
Film festivals and academic journals dedicated to nonfiction film criticism have further advanced the genre. Books like "The Documentary Film Reader" bring together writing from scholars, critics, and filmmakers, providing foundational texts for those studying nonfiction film.
Key Elements of Documentary Criticism
To analyze documentary films, critics focus on several key elements. Narrative structure examines how the story is told, including the pacing and organization of content. Visual style considers the use of cinematography, editing, and graphics, which can profoundly impact the viewer's experience.
Ethical considerations are crucial, as documentaries often deal with real people and events. Critics evaluate the filmmaker's responsibility towards their subjects and the audience, including the portrayal of facts and potential biases.
Audience engagement is another important factor. Critics analyze how documentaries engage viewers emotionally and intellectually, using interviews, voiceovers, and other storytelling techniques. Thematic depth looks at the underlying messages and societal issues addressed by the film, adding to its critical value.
Effective documentary criticism combines these elements to provide a comprehensive understanding of a film's impact and significance.
Impact of Criticism on Documentary Filmmaking
Criticism plays a significant role in shaping the landscape of documentary filmmaking. It influences various aspects from creative decisions made by filmmakers to how audiences perceive and engage with documentary films.
Influence on Filmmaker Choices
Criticism affects the choices filmmakers make, from topic selection to stylistic approaches. Constructive feedback encourages filmmakers to refine their craft and experiment with new techniques. Negative criticism can deter certain practices, pushing filmmakers to adhere more closely to ethical standards, especially regarding the portrayal of participants and factual accuracy.
Regulatory changes, as seen with new broadcaster guidelines in the UK, exemplify how criticism can provoke industry shifts. These guidelines, established due to controversies, force documentary creators to maintain a higher standard of duty of care towards their subjects. Such responses to criticism ensure that documentaries are both ethically sound and creatively robust.
Audience Reception and Perception
Critics shape the way audiences receive and perceive documentary films. Thoughtful reviews and critiques can elevate public interest and understanding of a documentary's subject matter. They provide insights that deepen viewers' engagement, often illuminating less obvious aspects of the film.
Conversely, criticism can also influence public skepticism. If reviews highlight factual inaccuracies or ethical issues, audiences might question the validity of the documentary's content. Wildlife documentaries, for instance, have faced scrutiny over their truthfulness, compelling viewers to approach these films with a critical mindset. Audience perception is thus directly influenced by the voices of critics, shaping the cultural impact of documentary films.
Notable Critics and Their Contributions
Critics play a pivotal role in shaping public perception and understanding of documentary films. Several influential figures have left lasting impacts through their insightful analyses and reviews.
Influential Figures in Documentary Criticism
David Edelstein, a leading voice in the field, praised "My Journey Through French Cinema" as one of the best documentaries about an actor. His critiques often highlight nuanced storytelling elements and directorial artistry.
Pauline Kael of The New Yorker was known for her sharp wit and elaborate reviews that often became reference points for filmmakers and audiences alike. Her meticulous attention to detail and passionate analyses set benchmarks in documentary criticism.
Renowned Publications and Platforms
Rotten Tomatoes aggregates reviews from numerous critics, offering a "Certified Fresh" rating for standout documentaries. Films like The Act of Killing have garnered high ratings, reflecting critical acclaim.
Vulture, a leading entertainment site, features rankings and in-depth reviews. Critics like Edelstein contribute to these platforms, bringing authoritative commentary to a broad audience. Their discussions often shape viewing choices and highlight documentaries that might otherwise go unnoticed.
